Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
Syntax:
COLOR [attr]
attr Specifies color attribute of console output
Color attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the first corresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digit can be any of the following values:
To change the color of the font:
Ex.
c:\>color 02
ð 1st digit used for background color and 2nd one for text color.
Displays or changes file attributes.
Syntax:
ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A ] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [drive:][path][filename] [/S [/D]]
Ex:
c:\>attrib
ð To display the hidden files.
c:\>attrib +h (directory or file name)
ð To make a file hidden.
c:\>attrib -h (directory or file name)
ð To remove the hidden status of a directory.
c:\>attrib +r (directory or file name)
ð To make a read only file
c:\>attrib +s (directory or file name)
ð To make a system file.
c:\>attrib +a (directory or file name)
ð To make a archive file.
c:\>attrib +a (directory or file name)
ð To remove the archive permission.
c:\>attrib +h +s +r +a (directory or file name)
ð To make all attribute permission.
c:\>attrib -h -s -r -a (directory or file name)
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
c:\>dir
ð To display the contains of the current directory.
c:\>dir/p
ð To display the contains of the current directory with a option, Press any key to continue . . . , It means that it Pauses after each screen full of information.
c:\>dir/w
ð To display the list of the current directory.
C:\>dir/w/p
ð The combination of /w and /p option.
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
Syntax:
CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]
CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]
Ex.
C:\>cd windows
C:\WINDOWS>cd system32
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32>cd ..
C:\WINDOWS>
ð To come out from the current folder to the parent folder.
C:\WINDOWS>cd system\color
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\COLOR>
ð To go to any particular folder under another folder.
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\COLOR>cd\
C:\
ð To come out to the c: drive.c:\>path
PATH=C:\WINDOWS\system 32; C:\WINDOWS; C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;
ð To display the complete path of the command prompt.
Syntax of the adding a new path.
path=%path%;(new path)
Ex
C:\>path=%path%;d:\dir1
ð To add a new path.
C:\path
PATH=C:\WINDOWS\system 32; C:\WINDOWS; C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem; D:\DIR1To create a new partition or delete a partition on the hard disk, we need to use fdisk command.
c:\>fdisk
ð To display the partition information.
Syntax:
ren (old file name) (new file name)
Ex.
C:\>ren MyInformation Myfile
Syntax:
copy (source) (destination)
xcopy (source) (destination)
Ex.
C:\copy a:\f1 c:\f1
ð To copy a file from floppy drive to c: drive.
c:\>xcopy a:\dir1 c:\dir1
Or
c:\>xcopy a:\dir1 c:\NewDir
ð To copy a directory.
c:\>del (file name)
ð To delete a file.
c:\>rd (directory name)
ð To delete a empty directory.
c:\>deltree (folder name)
ð To delete the full contains of any particular folder.
Syntax:
format (directory name) (option)
Ex.
C:\> format d:
ð To format a directory.
c:\>format a:/q
ð To quick format.
c:\>format a:/s
ð To make a boot disk or system disk.
Syntax:
fc (1st file name) (2nd file name)
or
comp (1st file name) (2nd file name)
ð To compare between two files:
Example: There are two files f1 and f2 in the c: drive with different data.
C:\>type f1
C:\>type f2
c:\>fc f1 f2
c:\> comp f1 f2
ð Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
Syntax of macros:
doskey (Macro command)=(Dos Command)
Ex:
c:\> doskey d=dir
c:\> d
ð To display the label information and you can also set new label name.
Another syntax of label command:
label (drive name) (new label)
Ex.
C:\> label f: Mydisk
ð To edit a new label name directly of any particular drive.
c:\>defrag
ð It will defrag the current drive.
Another way to defrag any selected derive is given below,
Syntax:
defrag
Ex.
c:\> defrag d:
ð It will defrag a particular drive.
c:\>ver
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
copy con
Ex.
C:\> copy con MyInformation
There is another program, called edit in DOS.
C:\>edit MyInformation
To read a text file we can use type command.
c:\> type MyInformation
ð It will display contains of the file.
We can add two text file by the command. Example: we will add f1 and f2 files and create another file f3.
C:\>type f1
C:\>type f2
C:\>copy f1+f2 f3
C:\>type f3
ð To display the time and to set new time.
c:\>date
If both windows and dos are installed in the same computer then we can use win command to go from dos to windows operating system.
c:\> winExample: In the "MyDirectory" folder, there are many files.
C:\MyDirectory>dir /w
C:\MyDirectory>dir FileNo?
ð It is showing the files, which file's name is started with "FileNo" and next one character may be a, b, c ...., z or 0, 1, 2, ...., 9 etc. Some examples are given below,
C:\MyDirectory>dir FileN?
C:\MyDirectory>dir ?? 
C:\MyDirectory>dir com.???
ð Showing that files which have only three characters to extension of file's name.
C:\MyDirectory>dir ?.?
"*" means more character:
c:\NewDir> dir *open
firstopen secondopen oldopen
ð Showing that type of file which have last four characters are "open".
Example,
c:\NewDir> dir *mail*
sumonmail1 sumonmail2 azgarmail1
ð Showing that type of files which have in middle, four character are "mail".
c:\NewDir> dir sumon.*
sumon.sh sumon.cpp sumon.c
ð Showing that type of files which file name is "sumon" and can be any extension.
c:\NewDir> dir *.*
ð It will show all the files which file have a any type of extension.
c:\NewDir> dir *
=> It will show all the files.
Note: We can also use this above wildcards in others command, copy, move, del etc
If we want to move to another drive:
C:\>d:
D:\>
ð To enter to D: drive from C: drive.
D:\>a:
A:\>
ð To enter to floppy drive.
